Labour Force Participation Rate remained stable in 2025

Labour Force Participation Rate remained stable in 2025


Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation stated that India’s Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in usual status for persons of age 15 years and above observed as 59.3% during 2025 and remained stable compared to 2024. The same for male and female stood at 79.1% and 40.0%, respectively, in 2025. Worker Population Ratio (WPR) in usual status for persons of age 15 years and above estimated as 57.4% during 2025, remaining almost at the same level as in 2024. In 2025, the WPR for male and female was 76.6% and 38.8%, respectively. Earnings of workers have shown a notable improvement in recent years, the ministry noted.

 

Among male, 69.8% reported want to continue studies as the main reason for not being in the labour force, whereas among female, 44.4% cited child care/personal commitments in home-making as the main reason. Among male aged 15 years and above, about 82.7% of those with a diploma/certificate, 79.1% of those with graduation and 83.1% of those with post-graduation and above as their highest level of education were in the workforce. The share of self-employed persons has shown a gradual decline from 2023 to 2025, decreasing from 58.2% in 2023 to 57.5% in 2024 and further to 56.2% in 2025.

The rural male labour force participation remained strong at 80.5% while rural female participation held steady at 45.9%, sustaining the gains achieved in previous years. Both male and female labour force participation rates based on usual status in 2025 remained broadly consistent with the levels observed in 2024 in urban areas.

The WPR shows a broad stability in 2025 compared with 2024. In 2025, WPR for rural male remained robust at 78.4%, while WPR for rural female held steady at 44.9%, sustaining the significant gains made since 2022. The overall urban WPR maintained nearly at 50.0%.

The Unemployment Rates or UR estimates indicate sustained progress in reducing unemployment across sectors and genders. Overall rural unemployment rates in 2025 stood at 2.4%, showing strong rural labour absorption. The female unemployment rate remained low at 2.1% lower than the male UR in rural areas which stood at 2.6%. The male and female unemployment eased to 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively in urban areas contributed marginal decrease in overall urban UR to 4.8%.

The percentage distribution of workers (in usual status) by industry of work reflects a broadly stable sectoral composition in 2025 with some notable shifts. Agriculture continues to account for the largest share of employment, though it has decreased from 44.8% in 2024 to 43.0% in 2025. The share of employment in construction has decreased marginally (12.3% to 12.0%), while manufacturing has seen improvement from 11.6% to 12.1%. Other services have also recorded an increase (12.2% to 13.1%).

Earnings of workers have shown a notable improvement in recent years across categories, with gains observed for both male and female in nominal terms. In regular wage/salaried employment, average earnings for male increased from Rs 22,891 in 2024 to Rs 24,217 in 2025 (about 5.8% growth), while for female, earnings rose from Rs 17,126 to Rs 18,353 (about 7.2% growth).

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Labour Force Participation Rate remained stable in 2025

PLI schemes attract over Rs 2.16 lakh crore investment, generate 14.39 lakh jobs


Ministry of Commerce & Industry stated that Production Linked Incentives or PLI schemes attracted over Rs 2.16 lakh crore investment and generated 14.39 lakh jobs so far. Govt of India launched the ‘Make in India’ initiative on 25th September 2014 to facilitate Investment, foster Innovation, build best in class Infrastructure, and make India a hub for manufacturing, design, and innovation. Presently, Make in India 2.0 focuses on 27 sectors including 15 manufacturing sectors, implemented across various Ministries and Departments and State Governments.

As part of Make in India initiative, the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes have been implemented across 14 key sectors, namely Large-Scale Electronics Manufacturing (LSEM), IT Hardware, Pharmaceuticals, Bulk Drugs, Medical Devices, Automobiles and Auto Components, Advanced Chemistry Cell Batteries, Solar PV modules, Telecom & Networking Products, Food Processing, Textiles, Specialty Steel, White Goods, Drones & Drone Components by incentivizing incremental production and sales,. The PLI schemes have facilitated fresh investments in the identified sectors and supported the expansion of manufacturing capacities.

 

The PLI schemes have generated investments exceeding Rs 2.16 lakh crore as of 31th December 2025. The investments made under the PLI Schemes have led to incremental production and sales of over Rs 20.41 lakh crore, as of 31st December, 2025. Further, the Schemes have resulted in an employment generation of over 14.39 lakh (direct and indirect), and 836 applications have been approved across all 14 sectors covered under the PLI framework.

The impact of PLI Schemes has been significant across various sectors in India. The Schemes have contributed substantially towards strengthening domestic manufacturing capacity, enhancing exports, generating employment and reducing the import dependence across multiple strategic sectors.

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Labour Force Participation Rate remained stable in 2025

Benchmarks tumble over 2% on global jitters; Nifty below 22,850, rupee hits record low


Benchmark equity indices ended sharply lower on Friday, snapping a two-day winning streak, as global uncertainties dampened investor sentiment.

The Nifty slipped below the 22,850 mark, while the rupee hit a record low against the US dollar, breaching the 94 level amid sustained pressure. Sectoral indices on the NSE ended in the red, with PSU banks, realty and auto stocks declining the most.

The decline was driven by multiple factors, including persistent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, elevated crude oil prices, weakness in global markets, continued foreign institutional investor (FII) selling, and a rise in US bond yields.

Amid the volatility, the government moved to cushion the impact of high oil prices by cutting additional excise duty on fuels. The duty on petrol was reduced to Rs 3 per litre from Rs 13 earlier, while diesel saw a complete removal of the levy from Rs 10 per litre. The measure is aimed at stabilising domestic fuel prices as crude remains elevated.

 

The S&P BSE Sensex tumbled 1,690.23 points or 2.25% to 73,583.22. The Nifty 50 index fell 488.85 points or 2.09% to 22,819.60. In the past two sessions, the Sensex and Nifty climbed 3.54% and 3.53%, respectively.

Reliance Industries (down 4.55%), HDFC Bank (down 3.26%) and ICICI Bank (down 2.03%) were major index drags today.

In the broader market, the BSE 150 MidCap Index slipped 2.18% and the BSE 250 SmallCap Index declined 1.82%.

The market breadth was weak. On the BSE, 822 shares rose and 3,544 shares fell. A total of 145 shares were unchanged.

The NSE’s India VIX, a gauge of the market’s expectation of volatility over the near term rallied 8.77% to 26.80.

US-Iran Warfare:

As the conflict in the Middle East continues without a clear resolution, uncertainty remains a material risk factor for investors. Public statements by U.S. President Donald Trump and media reports indicate that the United States has extended a pause on potential strikes against parts of Irans energy infrastructure into early April, with Trump describing the latest extension as made at the request of the Iranian government. Iranian officials, however, have publicly denied formally requesting such a pause, and no formal Iranian request has been independently verified in the public domain.

Media reports also suggest that Iran has rejected a 15-point proposal attributed to the United States and, instead, has outlined its own conditions, including alleged demands for non-resumption of military operations by the United States and Israel, broader regional de-escalation, compensation for damage, and stronger recognition of its authority over shipping routes near the Strait of Hormuz. These reported conditions rely on secondary sourcing and have not been fully confirmed by the parties.

Numbers to Track:

In the foreign exchange market, the rupee edged lower against the dollar. The partially convertible rupee was hovering at 94.75 compared with its close of 93.9600 during the previous trading session. It fell to a record low of 94.85 against the U.S. dollar today.

The yield on India’s 10-year benchmark federal paper rose 0.87% to 6.934, compared with the previous session’s close of 6.874.

MCX Gold futures for the April 2, 2026 settlement jumped 1.64% to Rs 141,813.

The US Dollar Index (DXY), which tracks the greenback’s value against a basket of currencies, was up 0.07% to 100.01.

The United States 10-year bond yield rose 0.97% to 4.461.

In the commodities market, Brent crude for May 2026 settlement jumped $2.15 or 1.99% to $110.16 a barrel.

Global Markets:

Dow Jones futures are down by 144 points, signaling a weak start for US stocks today.

European shares declined on Friday as investors struggled to decipher mixed messages on the status of Middle East peace talks.

Asian indices ended mixed despite President Donald Trumps postponing of strikes on Iran brought some relief, although concerns over a prolonged conflict kept some regional markets under pressure.

President Donald Trump extended his Friday deadline to attack Irans energy infrastructure by 10 days to April 6 to allow more time for negotiations.

The extension was at the request of the government of the Islamic Republic, Trump said, and it was granted in exchange for 10 oil tankers that passed through the Strait of Hormuz as a present from Tehran. Washington has in recent days signaled it wants a negotiated end to the conflict and insisted that peace talks with the Islamic Republic have been ongoing. Tehran has denied that it is in direct talks with the U.S.

Meanwhile, Chinas industrial profits jumped 15.2% from a year earlier in the January-February period, the National Bureau of Statistics data showed Friday, extending a sharp rebound from a 5.3% jump in December.

Overnight on Wall Street, the S&P 500 fell on Thursday, weighed by higher oil prices, as traders followed the latest developments out of the Middle East.

The broad market index declined 1.74% to end at 6,477.16, while the Nasdaq Composite shed 2.38% and closed at 21,408.08. The tech-heavy index closed in correction territory, down more than 10% from its high. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dipped 469.38 points, or 1.01%, and settled at 45,960.11.

Stocks in Spotlight:

Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles tumbled 4.68% after reports said its luxury arm, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), has temporarily halted production at its Solihull plant in the United Kingdom due to a parts supply disruption.

Larsen & Toubro declined 2.27%. The company said its buildings & factories (B&F) vertical has secured multiple orders across several states in India, with the total value classified as significant (Rs 1,000 crore Rs 2,500 crore).

Wealth First Portfolio Managers fell 6.09%. Its subsidiary, Lakshya Asset Management, received final approval from the Securities and Exchange Board of India to launch its mutual fund business.

Royal Orchid Hotels (ROHL) fell 4.54%. The company announced the signing of a new upscale hotel project in Mundra, further strengthening its presence in key industrial and port cities across the country.

ACME Solar Holdings jumped 6.09% after the company announced commissioning of an additional 4 MW capacity at its wind power project in Gujarat. The capacity addition has been executed through its subsidiary, ACME Eco Clean Energy, at Surendranagar district. With this, the total commissioned capacity at the project has reached 92 MW out of the planned 100 MW.

Hilton Metal Forging hit upper circuit of 20% after the company secured an order worth approximately Rs 720 crore for the supply of 3,60,000 standard 155mm M107 empty bomb artillery shells.

Azad Engineering advanced 1.12% after the company signed an 8-year long-term contract and price agreement with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), Japan, to supply complex hot-section nozzle vane segments for gas turbine engines.

Sula Vineyards fell 2.56%. The company has signed a definitive agreement with Mo Hennessy India to acquire the wine production facility and estate of Chandon in Dindori, Nashik, as part of its expansion strategy. Spread across 19 acres, the estate houses a state-of-the-art winery with an annual production capacity of 4.5 lakh litres, which can be scaled up to 13 lakh litres.

IPO Update:

Sai Parenteral’s received bids for 78,74,474 shares as against 75,22,486 shares on offer, according to stock exchange data at 16:45 IST on Friday (27 March 2026). The issue was subscribed 1.05 times.

The issue opened for bidding on 24 March 2026 and it will close on 27 March 2026. The price band of the IPO is fixed between Rs 372 and 392 per share.

Amir Chand Jagdish Kumar (Exports) received bids for 6,08,30,140 shares as against 1,89,05,270 shares on offer, according to stock exchange data at 16:45 IST on Friday (27 March 2026). The issue was subscribed 3.22 times.

The issue opened for bidding on 24 March 2026 and it will close on 27 March 2026. The price band of the IPO is fixed between Rs 201 and 212 per share.

Powerica received bids for 2,97,61,949 shares as against 2,05,55,171 shares on offer, according to stock exchange data at 16:45 IST on Friday (27 March 2026). The issue was subscribed 1.45 times.

The issue opened for bidding on 24 March 2026 and it will close on 27 March 2026. The price band of the IPO is fixed between Rs 375 and 395 per share.

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Trump wants his name on every dollar. Why signatories on currency matter

Trump wants his name on every dollar. Why signatories on currency matter


US President Donald Trump’s desire to break away from the established systems seems to find no end in sight. In a latest disruptive move, the US Department of the Treasury announced on Thursday (March 26) that the American currency will start featuring Trump’s signature from July 4, a day when the US will celebrate its 250th Independence Day anniversary.

 


Across most economies, the signatures on banknotes are not decorative, but represent institutional accountability, legal backing and the credibility of the issuing authority.

 


What has been the global precedent on currency signatures 


In the United States, paper currency has historically carried two signatures, that of the Treasury secretary and the treasurer. Sitting presidents do not sign currency notes. And this convention has remained intact for decades, even as designs and security features have greatly evolved.

 
 


For instance, current US dollar notes carry the signature of Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent alongside the treasurer’s signature. The faces on the notes, such as George Washington or Abraham Lincoln, are symbolic, but the signatures denote legal authority.

 


Globally, the practice is similar. In the United Kingdom, Bank of England notes carry the signature of the governor. In the euro area, notes bear the signature of the president of the European Central Bank. The underlying principle is consistent: the signatory is the official responsible for issuing the currency.

 


Why is the central bank or treasury signature important 


A banknote is, in effect, a promissory instrument. Historically, it represented a promise to pay the bearer a certain value, often in gold or silver. While modern fiat currencies are no longer convertible into commodities, the legal structure continues.

 


The signature mainly fulfils the essential role of providing legal validity, accountability, and trust. It indicates that it is issued under statutory powers, and the signatory is not an individual but an official responsible for the issuance of money. The currency is not tied to political leadership.

 


What India follows on currency signatures 


India follows a central bank-led model where every banknote issued in the country carries the signature of the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. The note also includes a statutory promise: “I promise to pay the bearer the sum of…”, signed by the governor. This is rooted in the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, which gives the central bank the sole authority to issue banknotes.

 


How did signatures on currency originate 


The practice of including signatures on currency can be traced back to the early development of paper money in Europe, specifically in the 17th century.

 


It is important to remember that early banknotes were not the fiat money that we know today but were rather a form of notes of promise/agreement issued by the banks. And in it, the Bank of England, which was established in 1694, was a major player in the formal development of the system.

 


Early banknotes had the handwritten signature of the bank officials, which was meant to authenticate the notes and ensure that the issuing bank promised to pay the bearer a specified amount of money, usually in gold or silver. During that period, forgery was a major problem, and the signature was a security feature as well as a legal certification.

 


As the technology for printing evolved and the world moved towards a more standardised form of currency, the handwritten signature was replaced by the printed version, but the practice of including a signatory remained the same.

 


What does a signature on currency notes signify today 


In practical terms, a signature does not affect the spending power of a note. A Rs 100 note or a $100 bill derives its value from the economic system and legal framework backing it, not from the identity of the signatory.

 


However, the signature is a marker of institutional continuity. Even as governments change, central banks provide stability in monetary systems. That is why, in most jurisdictions, currency design avoids associating active political leaders with issuance authority.

 


It also has operational relevance. When a new governor or treasury secretary takes office, newly printed notes reflect updated signatures. Older notes remain valid, underscoring that the system, not the individual.



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Labour Force Participation Rate remained stable in 2025

Nifty March futures trade at discount


India VIX surged over 8% to 26.80.

The Nifty March 2026 futures closed at 22,801.70, a discount of 17.9 points compared with the Nifty’s closing at 22,819.60 in the cash market.

In the cash market, The Nifty 50 index fell 488.85 points or 2.09% to 22,819.60.

The NSE’s India VIX, a gauge of the market’s expectation of volatility over the near term rallied 8.77% to 26.80.

HDFC Bank, Reliance Industries and Infosys were the top-traded individual stock futures contracts in the F&O segment of the NSE.

The March 2026 F&O contracts will expire on 30 March 2026.

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First Published: Mar 27 2026 | 4:31 PM IST



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Labour Force Participation Rate remained stable in 2025

MOBAVENUE enhances advertising outcomes with AI-Led Two-Tower Modelling


Mobavenue Media (MMPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Mobavenue AI Tech, has further strengthened its advanced two-tower neural network modelling framework. This forms part of its ongoing transition towards AI-native platforms aimed at enhancing advertising outcomes for its customers.

The two-tower modelling approach leverages deep neural network architectures to model and match high intent users with relevant customer offerings independently. The first tower focuses on identifying and predicting high-conversion propensity users based on behavioural, contextual, and real-time engagement signals. The second tower dynamically optimises bidding and budget allocation strategies, enabling intelligent capital deployment aligned with defined performance objectives.

The framework continuously ingests and learns from the latest campaign and user interaction data as part of an ongoing data science lifecycle, ensuring model recalibration and performance optimisation in near real-time. This adaptive learning capability enables improved targeting precision, reduced inefficiencies, and enhanced campaign scalability.

 

Through this AI-led architecture, MMPL has observed improvement in conversion outcomes compared to conventional optimisation approaches, subject to campaign objectives and market conditions.

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First Published: Mar 27 2026 | 3:31 PM IST



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